Corrections and Retractions

CORRECTIONS, RETRACTIONS AND WITHDRAWALS POLICY

Arte y Ciudad. Revista de Investigación follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding corrections, retractions, expressions of concern and article withdrawals. The integrity of the scientific record is a fundamental principle of the journal, and we therefore maintain a transparent and traceable procedure to manage any post-publication issue.

Types of post-publication action

1) Erratum — Applies to errors introduced by the journal during the editing or production process (typographical errors, layout errors, omitted figures, etc.) that do not affect the scientific content or the conclusions of the article. The erratum is published as a separate note, linked to the original article via DOI.

2) Corrigendum — Applies to errors introduced by the authors which, without invalidating the conclusions of the work, require formal correction (errors in data, citations, attributions, figures). The corrigendum is published as a separate note and remains permanently linked to the original article.

3) Expression of concern — Published when there is well-founded evidence of integrity or reliability problems in an article, but the investigation is ongoing and does not yet allow a definitive decision. The expression of concern remains permanently associated with the article.

4) Retraction — Applies when a serious flaw invalidating the results or conclusions of the article has been confirmed: plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, improper authorship, duplicate publication, significant ethical breaches or other reasons set out in the COPE guidelines. The retracted article is not removed from the website or the archive: it remains accessible with a clear "RETRACTED" mark on each page and a link to the retraction notice, which explains the reasons. Both the article and the retraction notice are distributed to indexing databases.

5) Removal — Only in exceptional cases (court order, defamatory or illegal content, serious public health risk) may the content of an article be removed from the public site. In such cases, basic metadata (authorship, title, DOI, publication date) and an explanatory note are retained. Total removal is always an exceptional measure and must be documentally justified.

Procedure

Any person — author, reader, reviewer or third party — may communicate well-founded suspicions of error or ethical breach to the editorial team at arteyciudad@ccinf.ucm.es. The editorial team will:

1) Acknowledge receipt of the communication within a reasonable timeframe.

2) Investigate the case confidentially, contacting the authors and requesting clarifications or evidence.

3) Where relevant, consult with the authors' institution of affiliation and with independent experts.

4) Adopt a reasoned decision in accordance with the COPE flowcharts and communicate it to the parties involved.

5) Publish the corresponding notice (erratum, corrigendum, expression of concern or retraction) with a bidirectional link to the original article.

Appeals

Authors who disagree with an editorial decision regarding a correction or retraction may submit a reasoned appeal to the editorial team, which will be reviewed by the full editorial board.